Marketing Management and Philosophies Essay

Marketing Management is a business discipline which is focused on the practical application of marketing techniques and the management of a firm’s marketing resources and activities. Rapidly emerging forces of globalization have compelled firms to market beyond the borders of their home country making International marketing highly significant and an integral part of a firm’s marketing strategy. Marketing managers are often responsible for influencing the level, timing, and composition of customer demand accepted definition of the term Various Management Philosophies Production Concept: The production concept holds that customers will favor products that are available and highly affordable and that management should therefore focus on improving production and distribution efficiency. Product Concept: The production concept holds that customers will favor products that are available and highly affordable and that management should therefore focus on improving production and distribution efficiency. Selling Concept: Many organizations follow the selling concept. The selling concept is the idea that consumers will not buy enough of the organization’s products unless the organization undertakes a large-scale selling and promotion effort. Marketing Concept: The marketing concept holds that achieving organizational goals depends on determining the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors do. Societal Marketing Concept: The societal marketing concept holds that the organization should determine the needs, wants, and interests of target markets. It should then deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors in a way that maintains or improves the consumer’s and the society’s well-being. Contrast between Marketing Concept and Selling Concept The Selling Concept and the Marketing Concept are two different concepts of Marketing that related to the evolution of marketing in the world. The Selling Concept holds that in order for the firm to be profitable, it must focus on sales of the product regardless of the orientation of the product itself. This concept became popular after World War 2 demands of the consumer. Explains The Societal Marketing Concept 1) The societal marketing concept is the newest of the marketing philosophies. 2) It questions whether the pure marketing concept is adequate given the wide variety of societal problems and ills. 3) According to the societal marketing concept, the pure marketing concept overlooks possible conflicts between short-run consumer wants and long-run consumer welfare. 4) The societal concept calls upon marketers to balance three considerations in setting their marketing policies: a) Company profits. b) Customer wants. c) Society’s interests.

Meeting the psychological needs of teaching staff Essay

Meeting the psychological needs of teaching staff - Essay Example In April 2000, Pamela Relf, a teacher with over 36 year’s experience, took her life after an Ofsted inspector criticised her teaching at Middlefield Primary School in Eynesbury, Cambridgeshire. For a teacher of her experience to be criticised like this, was more than a rebuke. Pamela, the school’s senior most teachers left behind a note echoing the sentiments of many teachers, saying "I am now finding the stress of my job too much. The pace of work and the long days are more than I can do." Similarly, three other teachers have also been linked to stress, bullying and Ofsted inspections. They are Janet Watson (33) of Northwick, Cheshire, Jenny Knibb (47) of Exeter, and James Patton (29) of Birmingham. Though the numbers of casualties are unknown and definitely much more, the above cases alone characterise the heat teachers undergo in the face of prolonged stress and bullying. Though these teachers took their lives because of the workload and pressure to perform, it is ar gued that their suicide was because of mental health problem. But this can also come about due to the result of psychiatric injury caused by prolonged negative stress. Psychiatric injury is not the same as mental illness (Tim Field, 2006). The cases of stress and strain are numerous and would go beyond many, many pages. In order to understand the impact of stress and strain on teachers, the above cases were quoted. To overcome the negative thoughts of leaving the profession, teachers had to be offered perks and cordial work environment for retention.

Research the new media and the young's media literacy Dissertation

Research the new media and the young's media literacy - Dissertation Example The Social Media Access was noted at -.117 and the hours spent in Social Media was output to .265, with correlation as significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) level. The rest of the table shows the correlations between the variables through a cross-tabulation with outputs in Sum of Squares and Cross-products, the accorded Covariance, N (100), the Pearson Correlation by variable, and the Significance by variable. The overall picture of both analyses conducted in MS Excel and IBM’s SPSS show that the group had a fairly good grasp of new media literacy through use of technological tools, the use of social media sites and that from about the age of 14 onwards, there was a significant understanding of how to use tools in accessing the Internet and Social Media. However, what is not indicated so much in this research survey, is how the respondents react to various advertisements, other than in the Apple case review of where those anxious to buy new products, behaved much like any Westerner in lining up to waiting for the opening of the new Apple store in China. Interest is just as high in China as in the West, whenever a new store or new products are being presented to the public for the first time. Everyone want to know what the latest product will do. From that point, it is up to the user to develop the methods of interaction, based on the product’s capabilities. The overall Corre lations Table is presented on the following page.... Of the overall group, -.032 were engaged in uploading their photos to Social Media, and more specifically (-.146) to Social Media Sites. The Social Media Access was noted at -.117 and the hours spent in Social Media was output to .265, with correlation as significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) level. The rest of the table shows the correlations between the variables through a cross-tabulation with outputs in Sum of Squares and Cross-products, the accorded Covariance, N (100), the Pearson Correlation by variable, and the Significance by variable. The overall picture of both analyses conducted in MS Excel and IBM’s SPSS show that the group had a fairly good grasp of new media literacy through use of technological tools, the use of social media sites and that from about the age of 14 onwards, there was a significant understanding of how to use tools in accessing the Internet and Social Media. However, what is not indicated so much in this research survey, is how the respondents react to various advertisements, other than in the Apple case review of where those anxious to buy new products, behaved much like any Westerner in lining up to waiting for the opening of the new Apple store in China. Interest is just as high in China as in the West, whenever a new store or new products are being presented to the public for the first time. Everyone want to know what the latest product will do. From that point, it is up to the user to develop the methods of interaction, based on the product’s capabilities. The overall Correlations Table is presented on the following page. Correlations Age Group Gender Upload to SM SM Sites SM Access SM Hours Age

Marketing Planning and Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Planning and Communications - Essay Example On the shore on the other hand, were millions of inhabitants who had barely recovered from the rampage of Hurricane Katrina and the like. The Gulf of Mexico was also polluted with 5 million barrels of crude oil and methane gas, surpassing the Exxon disaster within four days (Sachs, 2012). Biggest Corporate Fine in US History British Petroleum has so far put aside $42 billion payable as fines, compensation to the victims and well as restoration costs (the economist, 2013). In other words, the company has paid 14 billion for restoration and clean up of the site, 17.5 billion as compensation to individuals and small businesses, $4 billion in the form of criminal charges to the Department of Justice as well and $3.5 billion as penalties for oil leak under the America’s Clean Water Act (the Economist, 2013, p.66). Integrated Marketing Communications According to Percy (2008) integrated marketing communications is about planning, it aims at delivering a consistent and effective mess age. IMC applies to all forms of communications, be it consumer, business-to-business or corporate. Furthermore, by consistent message we mean that the message must have the same visual feel throughout media so as to form a distinct image that can be linked to the brand. Ensuring the proper implementation of IMC requires a strategic plan, the process begins by identifying the target audience and understanding their purchase decisions and behaviours. Strategic IMC for the BP Brand In 1997, the then CEO of BP John Browne was determined to make BP the world’s largest oil company through exploration, acquisition and marketing. Browne was of the impression that the consumers could be taught to identify with a brand of gasoline. But making the consumer identify with an oil brand was exceedingly hard as people hated oil companies and perceived them as villains following the 1989 Exxon Valdez disaster. With increasing awareness about climate change, oil companies were the worst perfo rming product category in terms of brand affinity (Sachs, 2012). Browne made significant changes to the approach of the company, including investments in solar energy research and withdrawal from oil- interest group Global Climate Coalition. These efforts were perceived positively by the consumers as British Petroleum was no longer resisting the fight against climate change with was now an active participant. By 2000, the company’s name was changed to BP with the tagline â€Å"Beyond Petroleum†, furthermore the company shield was replaced by helios. This new look was received positively by the masses, so the company further invested in advertising to supplement their green stance on the environment. Over the next few years the company built extensive brand equity, and John Browne one of the most popular CEOs in the world was granted knighthood. The truth in fact was very different from the facade created by green advertising because in reality the company was not makin g any significant progress in alternative energy. In 2010, BP’s operations comprised of drilling the world’

Lennin, Karl Marx and Hannah Ardent on Revolution, what was revolution Research Paper

Lennin, Karl Marx and Hannah Ardent on Revolution, what was revolution - Research Paper Example For a Marxist, if the bourgeoisie remain in power this negates any procedural facade of a revolution. For a liberal democrat, the survival of factions from the old nomenclature deflates the democratic revolution. However, on closer inspection there is not a single set of characteristics that will serve to unite all around a common conception. This thesis tends to enquire Marx, Lenin and Arendt’s views on revolution in order to seek a plausible conclusion. Karl Marx described revolutions as the locomotives of history. He argued that feudalism, capitalism and socialism, as new modes of production, were generated within the precincts of the existing one. Revolutions were caused by the development of a contradiction between the social forces and the social relations of production, with the latter acting as restrains upon the former. This expressed itself in the escalation of class conflict, steering in what Marx called the epoch of social revolution. Each revolutionary class devel oped awareness of itself through economic and political struggles against the existing dominant class. The result would be the emergence of new relations of production and their accompanying ideological forms, and the eventual establishment of  supremacy. ... In due course of time Marxist theory faced real tests as its prophecy of eventual dismal condition of working class before revolution was seriously challenged by better/improved life styles of working class in capitalist states. Lenin. Vladimir Ul'yanov came from a provincial middle class family of Russia. Soon after his father's death in 1886 Lenin's elder Brother Alexander was hanged for participating in a plot by a revolutionary  populist  group to assassinate Alexander III. This event made a deep impression on the younger Lenin and, after passing his final school exams with distinction, he too joined a populist group when he began studying at  Kazan University. He was deeply influenced by Marxism during his student life. In 1902, Lenin published his  pamphlet  what is to be done, in which he argued that a successful revolutionary party in Russian conditions had to be a highly centralized and conspiratorial organization of professional revolutionaries to be an effective vanguard of the workers. In his work  Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution  he argued that the workers would have to take a leading role in the  bourgeois  revolution, co-operating with revolutionary elements in the peasantry. This latter point was unusual in Marxist thinking, perhaps showing underlying populist influence on Lenin. In  Imperialism, he argued that the capitalist powers were driven into territorial imperialism by capital export and used the super-profits derived from colonial exploitation. Lazarus points out that â€Å"Revolution†¦ belongs as a category to the historicism that is fuelled by defunct socialism and parliamentarianism,† because, â€Å"historicism keeps a place

The age of reason and Evangelical Biblical Interpretation Essay

The age of reason and Evangelical Biblical Interpretation - Essay Example To give substantial foundation of the argument, the proponent also includes basic information about evangelicalism and after this the analysis of how enlightenment affects the way evangelicals interpret the Scripture. Implications and findings are generated from reputable sources about concerning evangelical approaches to biblical hermeneutics. These references are in line with understanding and analysing the prevailing way of biblical interpretation of evangelicalism. It is evident that the age of reason or enlightenment had considerable influence on how to interpret biblical text. First, this is quite expounding when evangelicalism developed during and after the age of enlightenment. This has probable implication that there was an evolution on how the Bible was interpreted, because evangelicalism in the first place defined a movement that could substantially lead us to another style of interpreting the Scripture. Second, the age of reason clearly has illustrated us how evangelicals used their ability not only to stay at the literal point of view of interpreting the Bible, but now many of them could explore their actual opinion and even associate their actual experiences on the associated biblical text just to expound the linked context. Third, it is also clear that from traditional evangelical movement, the interpretation of the Bible evolved to being subjective in the sense that there would be actual implementation of interpretation of the Bible with one’s opinion, experience and so on. The age of reason has indeed remarkably influenced the evangelical interpretation of the Scripture. However, it is also clear that the evangelicalism even though it might be influenced by enlightenment and post-enlightenment period, but still it remains a movement to regard the Bible as with higher authority. Thus, part of evangelicals’ interpretation of the Bible is associated with giving substantial authority to concerned biblical text. Keywords: Evangelicalis m, Evangelical, Enlightenment, Bible Table of Contents Page Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Background of the Enlightenment period 4 The probable impacts of Enlightenment on the Biblical interpretation 4 What is Evangelicalism? 8 Features of Evangelicalism 8 Evangelicals acknowledge the authority that the Bible holds 9 Christ, the center of Scripture 9 The Bible and its complete objectivity 12 Evangelicals prevent distorting views of the Bible 12 Evangelicals’ considerations of the Bible 13 Evangelicals subject their viewpoints to the Bible for correction and change 13 Evangelicals and their point of view on the reliability of the Bible 14 Conclusion 16 References 18 Introduction In this paper, the proponent investigates and critiques the developments that have taken place since the enlightenment in the way evangelicalism interprets the Bible. To justify this further, the proponent starts with the background of the enlightenment period, then its probable impact on biblical interpre tation. To give substantial foundation of the argument, the proponent also includes basic information about evangelicalism and after this the analysis of how enlightenment affects the way evangelicals interpret the Scripture. Implications and findings are generated from reputable sources about concerning evangelical approaches to biblical hermeneutics. These references are in line with understanding and analysing the prevailing way of biblical interpretation of evangelicalism. Background of the Enlightenment period The age of enlightenment created a major impact on how interpreters interpret biblical text. Enlightenment is the age of reason which took place between 17th and 18th century first in

A Journal opinion article and address an economic issue of current

A Journal opinion and address an economic issue of current interest to Wall Street Journal readers - Article Example This has been faced by anti- austerity protests in these countries as common citizens suffer from the harsh effects of these measures (Navarro 345). This has left people wondering whether the austerity measures are really the way to go about the debts or whether does it just escalate the problem. Austerity measures were instituted in order to make it possible for the economy to recover in the long run. This comes with a major price: reductions of government spending results in increase in current unemployment rates, reduction in personal income and lowers the standard of living of the people. This is done with the hope that when the governments are able to overcome the debt problem and boost the economy, it will thus be possible to create more jobs and improve the standard of living of the people. The measures have been seen to work in some countries such as in Greece which has been able to achieve spending cuts of about 53% in the first half of this year. Although these measures may be seen to be working now in reducing spending their questions whether it will be possible for the countries to recover from the effect of these measures in the longrun. Experts say that the western economies have reached their peak of growth (Lynn, 345). If this is true, then it means that the economies are now on the down slope and it would not be possible for them to get back to the top. This means that the austerity measures would only make the living standards of the citizens of these countries deteriorate without any hopes for recovery. Take for instance the Greek strict measures that they have taken in the recent past. The Greek government has now announced that there will be no Christmas celebrations in this country (Anon, 230). This is based on the fact that peoples spending increases in times of celebration as people spend more on clothes, food and gifts rising the normal spending to